咱们好，我是张兴盛，来自于解放军总医院麻醉手术中心。
Hello everyone, I am Changsheng Zhang, from the Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital.
我是2015年至2016年在美国哈佛大学麻省总医院进行了一个短期的训练。
I was a research fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital from 2015 to 2016.
今日我要给咱们带来的故事是关于我在美国导师的导师Theodor Kolobow教授。
The story I want to bring to you today is about my tutor’s tutor, Professor Theodor Kolobow.
他是1931年生于爱沙尼亚。
He was born in Estonia in 1931.
他在那个时分愿望成为一名医师。
Then, he dreamed of becoming a doctor.
可是十分不幸，当他九岁的时分，第二次世界大战开端了，他们全家被逼逃离到德国。
But unfortunately, when Dr. Kolobow was nine years old, the events of World War II forced his family to flee Estonia to a displaced person's camp in Germany.
当然他逃离到德国也并不是那么的简略。
Of course, his escape to Germany is not that simple.
在他成年之后，他就决议自己去美国肄业。
He decided that America could provide him with the educational opportunities.
在他19岁的前一个月，他带着自己身上仅剩的20美元和一部打字机，还有一本圣经，单独登上了回来美国的战舰。
One month before his 19th birthday, with only $20 in his pocket and his typewriter and bible, Dr. Kolobow left his family and boarded the US warship to the United States.
到了美国之后他成功地进入了海德堡大学，只是用了两年的时刻，他便成功的请求到了在克里夫兰的一所医学院。
He became a student at Heidelberg College. After only two years, Dr. Kolobow started medical school at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio.
在攻读医学知识的一同，他特别喜欢创造和研讨一些医学工程的东西。
While pursuing medical knowledge
he particularly liked to invent medical equipment.
在他医学院结业的那年，他的医学的学士学位论文的主题便是关于体外膜肺的制造。
His medical school thesis
was about the assumption of extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO).
咱们敢信任一个医学院的大学结业生可以想出一个别外膜肺的根本模型吗？
Do you dare to believe that this great invention was first present by a graduation student?
这正是他异乎寻常、十分拔尖的一个当地。
This is where he is different and very outstanding.
后来他走向了NIH，美国国立卫生研讨院进行医学的科研活动。
Later he went to the NIH (National Institutes of Health) for further medical research.
他在NIH的这些日子里成功地创造了体外膜肺、透析、人工胎盘、气管导管等等。
He successfully invented extracorporeal membrane oxygenator, dialysis apparatus, artificial placenta, different types of endotracheal tubes, etc. during the days at NIH.
可是他最令人敬畏的一点是，当它完成了体外膜肺的体系创造之后，他并没有将这个请求专利并进行严厉的维护。
But, his most awesome point is that after
completing the invention of
the extracorporeal membrane oxygenator system
he did not apply for the patent and strictly protect it.
而是请求专利之后，将体外膜肺的专利以一美元的价格卖给了美国政府，他期望可以让更多人获益。
Instead, he sold the whole system to the US government for one dollar. He hope the ECMO could save more people.
他还创造了许多气管导管，包含咱们现在所用的菱形的气管导管、锥形套囊的气管导管等等。
He had so many inventions in his life, including many endotracheal tubes we used today, tempered, cyclinderd, etc.
图：进行透析的设备
他也没有请求专利，他就把它全部都写下来写在文章里，然后直接投出去。
He did not apply patents either. He wrote all the inventions down in articles and directly published.
文章的投出和宣布就意味着这个专利的揭露，这点让我觉得他特别的巨大。
The publication of the article means the disclosure of the patent, which makes me feel that he is really a great man.
我在美国留学那段时刻里，我有幸跟我的导师一同去到他家中。
During my research fellowship in the United States, I had the privilege of visiting his house together with my mentor.
首要意图是为了整理他们家的地下室，把他从前创造过的一切东西的原型都搜集回来，树立一个关于他自己的博物馆。
The main purpose was to clean up the basement of his house, and collecting all the prototypes of his invention, and finally put all his inventions into a museum.
当我来到他家地下室的时分，我十分震动。
I was very surprised when I came to his basement.
地下室里全都是架子，架子上摆满了那些手艺制造出来的医疗器械，包含气管导管、体外膜肺和肾透析一些最原始的设备，这些设备全都是他亲手一针一线、一榔头这样敲起来组合起来的。
The basement was full of shelves, and the shelves were filled with hand-made medical devices, including endotracheal tubes, extracorporeal membranes, and some of the most primitive devices for kidney dialysis. All the device were hand-made by himself little by little, small by small.
此外除了有这些创造之外，在他的地下室还存放了一些他从前进行动物试验研讨的一些模型，包含羊的一个肺的灌注的模型，特别美丽，还有羊的心脏的模型，各种血管的模型，这让我觉得十分震动。
In addition, besides all these inventions, we found some animal organ models in his basement, which were really beautiful and impressive, including sheep lungs, heart, and vessels.
图：羊肺灌注模型
我不敢幻想，这么巨大的一个科学家的家中竟然还保留了这么多他曾经的一些旧物件。
I can't imagine that such a great scientist's house still kept so many of his old things.
可见这个人他是多么的喜欢创造、多么的酷爱他的这一份本职工作。
How much he loves invention and how much he loves his job.
其实咱们医师做科研的一个更大的意图是咱们可以在有限的生命内救助更多的人，协助更多的人走出那些苦楚的局势。
As a matter of fact, a bigger purpose of our doctors doing research is that we can help more people in a limited life and help more people out of painful struggling.
【声明】欢迎重视微信大众号TopMD，看精彩医学短视频。本栏目版权归出品方一切，未经授权制止各种形式的转载、编排及修正，不然出品方将依法追究侵权职责。本节目仅供医师内部学习沟通运用。
